北京工业大学专业综合考试2008年专业英语试卷

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2008 年硕士研究生《专业英语》复试试卷

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请将下面文章段落翻译成汉语。

1．（13 分） Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC), along with lighting and sound control,

are part of the environmental control systems within buildings. HVAC is desirable for the health and

comfort of building occupants. In some cases, though, HVAC may be necessary in manufacturing

processes, storage of products or operation of equipment, such as computers. The systems design

approach to HVAC can be useful in attaining a system that meets functional objectives with low initial

and long-term costs. The physical environment within a building or any enclosed portion, or zone, of it

that HVAC is intended to control is influenced by many variables. The most important of these are

temperature, humidity, air movement and air quality.

2. （15 分） The human race, and all plant and animal life on earth, has always been dependent on

energy from the sun for their existence. A more important face is that the rays from the sun provide the

necessary heat to maintain the required temperature for the survival of humans, plants, and animals.

Each year approximately 20% of the nation’s energy use is for heating and cooling homes. Solar

energy use is an alternative that can reduce our dependence on scarce fossil fuels with their

ever-increasing price.

Using solar energy, however, has two disadvantages. First, this energy from the sun is diffuse, i.e., it

is spread out very thinly. It must therefore be collected by some means because only a small amount of

it arrives in one place. Second, the energy received is intermittent because the sun shines only during

the day and it is often obscured by clouds. Thus, the energy received must be stored until it is needed.

3.（15 分） Convection is the transfer of heat in a fluid by the circulation, or mixing, of that fluid. If a

liquid of gas does not have the same temperature throughout, it will begin to mix. A common example

is the water being heated in a saucepan on a stove. The heated water at the bottom of the saucepan will

become slightly less dense and so tend to rise and be replaced by the cooler, heavier liquid above. In

this way, convection currents will be setup within the liquid, and there will be a physical movement of

liquid within the container. The effect of this mixing will be transfer heat from warm areas to cooler

areas.

Heat conduction is the transfer of heat through a substance by the collisions of the atoms or

molecules composing that substance. When these particles collide, energy is transferred from the

faster-moving to the slower-moving ones. Eventually, all the particles will possess approximately the

same energy.

All bodies emit heat radiation. This radiation consists of electromagnetic waves of many frequencies,

from long infrared rays through visible light to short ultraviolet rays. Most of this heat energy is

transmitted by the infrared rays. Thus, glass will transmit most of the heat energy contained in a ray of

sunlight, even though it blocks out the ultraviolet rays.

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